Mental health and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among health-related university students: a cross-sectional multi-center study

Table 2 Association between self-reported prior mental health, current mental health status, sex, country with mental health score (PSS-10, PHQ-9, GAD-7)

PSS-10	Very low (N, %)	Low to very high (N, %)	Total	χ²	df	p value
Students with reported PRIOR mental health problems (N = 840)^a
With PRIOR mental health problems	181 (96.79%)	602 (92.19%)	783	4.87	1	< 0.05*
Without PRIOR mental health problems	6 (3.21%)	51 (7.81%)	57	4.87	1	< 0.05*
Total	187 (100.00%)	653 (100.00%)	840
Students with reported CURRENT mental health problems (N = 841)
With CURRENT mental health problems	181 (96.79%)	573 (87.61%)	754	13.20	1	< 0.05*
Without CURRENT mental health problems	6 (3.21%)	81 (12.39%)	87	13.20	1	< 0.05*
Total	187 (100.00%)	654 (100.00%)	841
Sex (N = 840)^a
Male	62 (33.16%)	145 (22.21%)	207	9.39	1	< 0.05*
Female	125 (66.84%)	508 (77.79%)	633	9.39	1	< 0.05*
Total	187 (100.00%)	653 (100.00%)	840

PHQ-9	None (N, %)	Mild to severe (N, %)	Total	χ²	df	p value
Students with reported PRIOR mental health problems (N = 840)^a
With PRIOR mental health problems	367 (98.39%)	416 (89.08%)	783	28.43	1	< 0.05*
Without PRIOR mental health problems	6 (1.61%)	51 (10.92%)	57	28.43	1	< 0.05*
Total	373	467	840
Students with reported CURRENT mental health problems (N = 841)
With CURRENT mental health problems	362 (97.05%)	392 (83.76%)	754	39.53	1	< 0.05*
Without CURRENT mental health problems	11 (2.95%)	76 (16.24%)	87	39.53	1	< 0.05*
Total	373 (100.00%)	468 (100.00%)	841
Sex (N = 840)^a
Male	97 (26.01%)	110 (23.55%)	207	0.67	1	0.41
Female	276 (73.99%)	357 (76.45%)	633	0.67	1	0.41
Total	373 (100.00%)	467 (100.00%)	840

GAD-7	Minimal (N, %)	Mild to severe (N, %)	Total	χ²	df	p value
Students with reported PRIOR mental health problems (N = 840)^a
With PRIOR mental health problems	463 (96.86%)	320 (88.40%)	783	23.33	1	< 0.05*
Without PRIOR mental health problems	15 (3.14%)	42 (11.60%)	57	23.33	1	< 0.05*
Total	478 (100.00%)	362 (100.00%)	840
Students with reported CURRENT mental health problems (N = 841)
With CURRENT mental health problems	458 (95.62%)	296 (81.77%)	754	42.63	1	< 0.05*
Without CURRENT mental health problems	21 (4.38%)	66 (18.23%)	87	42.63	1	< 0.05*
Total	479 (100.00%)	362 (100.00%)	841
Sex (N = 840)^a
Male	128 (26.72)	79 (21.88)	207	2.60	1	0.11
Female	351 (73.28)	282 (78.12)	633	2.60	1	0.11
Total	479 (100.00%)	361 (100.00%)	840

*Significant at p < 0.05 (\({\chi }^{2}\) = Pearson’s chi-squared); degree of freedom (df) Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10); Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7); for more details on S1-S3 (supplement section)
**“Sex” and “Students with reported PRIOR mental health problems” variables had one missing participant

ISSN: 1349-4147