Distribution of Candida species isolated from people living with human immunodeficiency virus with oropharyngeal and oral candidiasis in Africa in the era of universal test and treat policy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Musinguzi, Benson; Obuku, Ekwaro A.; Mwesigwa, Alex; Migisha, Richard; Kinengyere, Alison Annet; Ndagire, Regina; Baguma, Andrew; Okek, Erick Jacob; Olum, Ronald; Itabangi, Herbert; Mboowa, Gerald; Sande, Obondo James; Achan, Beatrice

doi:10.1186/s41182-024-00649-6

Table 2 Summary of included studies on oropharyngeal candidiasis and oral candidiasis in PLHIV in different African countries

From: Distribution of Candida species isolated from people living with human immunodeficiency virus with oropharyngeal and oral candidiasis in Africa in the era of universal test and treat policy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

No	Author, Year of Publication	Country	Region	Sample size	Gender M F		Age in years (Range/Mean)	Clinical condition	Year of data collection	UTT era	Candida Identification Method	OPC Prevalence n (%)	Total Candida isolates (n)	95% CI
No	Author, Year of Publication	Country	Region	Sample size	Gender M F		Age in years (Range/Mean)	Clinical condition	Year of data collection	UTT era	Candida Identification Method	OPC Prevalence n (%)	Total Candida isolates (n)	Lower limit	Upper limit
1	Agwu et al. 2012 [34]	Uganda	East Africa	605	136	469	6–75	OPC	2011	Pre-UTT	Chromo agar, API32, PCR	315 (52)	315	0.48	0.56
2	Nweze & Ogbonnaya, 2011 [28]	Nigeria	West Africa	200	^a	^a	^a	OPC	2009	Pre-UTT	Chromo agar, Api29x	120 (60)	120	0.53	0.67
3	Osaigbovo et al. 2017 [11]	Nigeria	West Africa	350	88	262	18–75 (41.6)	OPC	2017	Post-UTT	CHROMagar, germ tube test, API Candida	17 (4.9)	`	0.026	0.071
4	Enwuru et al. 2008 [27]	Nigeria	West Africa	213	105	108	≥ 18	OPC	2005	Pre-UTT	Germ tube, Sugar Fermentation	68 (31.9)	68	0.26	0.38
5	Kwamin et al. 2013[35]	Ghana	West Africa	267	98	169	15–74	OPC	2009	Pre-UTT	API ID32C	201 (75.3)	201	0.70	0.80
6	Ambe et al. 2020 [16]	Cameroon	Central Africa	378	102	276	3–72 (40.3)	OPC	2018	Post-UTT	Germ tube test, Chromo agar	162 (43)	171	0.38	0.48
7	Miguel et al. 2013a [31]	Cameroon	Central Africa	262	^a	^a	^a	OPC	2012	Pre-UTT	Chromo agar, germ tube	126 (48\|)	126	0.42	0.54
8	Taverne-Ghadwal et al. 2022 [14]	Chad	Central Africa	247	185	62	2–70 (34)	OC	2021	Post-UTT	MALDI–TOF MS, Rice, and Staib agar, API, PCR	119 (48.2)	129	0.42	0.54
9	Owotade & Patel, 2014 [33]	South Africa	Southern Africa	197	0	197	38.3	OC	2013	Pre-UTT	chromo agar, api20x	15 (7.6)	15	0.04	0.11
10	Konaté et al. 2017[12]	Ivory Coast	West Africa	286	^a	^a	15–63 (39.2)	OPC	2011	Post-UTT	germ tube, API 20	227 (79.4)	227	0.75	0.84
11	Miguel et al. 2013b [31]	South Africa	Southern Africa	212	^a	^a	^a	OPC	2012	Pre-UTT	chromo agar, germ tube	168 (79)	128	0.74	0.85
12	Ekwealor et al. 2023 [30]	Nigeria	West Africa	150	53	97	< 20 to > 40	OC	2023	Post-UTT	chromo agar, PCR	98 (65.3)	98	0.58	0.73
13	Musinguzi et al. 2024 [15]	Uganda	East Africa	384	93	291	43.5	OPC	2023	Post-UTT	MALDI–TOF MS,	29 (7.6)	35	005	0.10
14	Yongabi et al. 2009 [32]	Cameroon	Central Africa	530	212	318	^a	OPC	2008	Pre-UTT	Germ tube, Sugar Fermentation	387 (73)	387	0.69	0.77

OPC oropharyngeal candidiasis, OC oral candidiasis, UTT universal test and treatment, API analytical profile index, CI confidence interval, PCR polymerase chain reaction, ID identification, MALDI–TOF MS matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry
^ainformation not provided

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